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  1. Defining Infrastructure Feasibility for Hub-Scale Offshore Atlantic Carbon Storage in the Northeastern United States

    Sminchak, Joel ; Skopec, Stuart ; Petras, Brigitte ; ... - Energies
    In the Northeast U.S., deep rock formations along the Atlantic outer continental shelf may have the potential to sequester 150–1136 million metric tons of CO2. However, the design and infrastructure necessary to develop offshore carbon storage in this region is not well defined because there has been little oil and gas exploration and no commercial production. Consequently, an infrastructure feasibility design was completed for a hub-scale offshore CO2 storage system along the Northeast U.S. Atlantic. The design included development of a detailed, site-specific geological model for a location near the Great Stone Dome geological structure in the Baltimore Canyon Troughmore » off the coast of Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey. A field injection system topology design was completed to portray a design with eight wells in two clusters connected by central manifolds. Reservoir simulations were completed for the injection system that showed the hub may be able to inject 17 million metric tons (MMT) of CO2 per year for thirty years, but injection rates varied substantially across the eight wells. A CO2 pipeline design determined feasible routes from the east coast shoreline to the injection field. Finally, the CO2 injection system design included subsea injection trees, manifolds, and power umbilicals. This is the first study to define large-scale carbon storage design and infrastructure options for the offshore Atlantic, which can help to progress this region towards field characterization and early-mover deployment for future decarbonization in the region.« less

  2. Strengthening Resilience: Florida Resident Voices on Resource Needs During Power Outages

    Entress, Rebecca ; Acharya, Suman ; Stevens, Kelly A. - Public Administration Quarterly
    Extreme weather events related to climate change, and an aging electricity infrastructure are disrupting reliable electricity services to a greater degree. Further, previous research has found that more socially vulnerable populations are more likely to live in areas with a higher probability of power outages. Here, this study examines the issues that people face during power outages and the resources that help individuals maintain resilience during power outages caused by extreme weather events in socially vulnerable communities. Using qualitative data from focus groups with 56 individuals in Central and North Florida, the research highlights lived experiences during outages and difficultiesmore » using and accessing resources during these conditions. Based on a qualitative review of the focus group discussions, this paper explores the solutions and support systems residents believe would improve their ability to cope. The findings offer insights to guide policy and strategic planning, with the goal of strengthening personal preparedness and response by focusing on the resources people consider most helpful for enduring frequent and severe outages.« less

  3. The levelized cost of exergy: a technoeconomic framework for energy system comparison

    Kocher, Jordan D. ; Rajan, Aravindh ; Woods, Jason ; ... - Energy & Environmental Science
    While the levelized costs of electricity and heat have been quantified before, these two metrics cannot be directly compared, due to the different exergy content of heat and work. To address this, we develop a levelized cost of exergy (LCOEx) framework that enables direct comparisons between energy sources and processes. We find that moderate- and high-grade heat have an LCOEx that is comparable to electricity (5–10 ¢ per kWhex), while low-grade heat sources have much higher LCOEx values (>50 ¢ per kWhex). The LCOEx of a system's output is affected by (i) the LCOEx of the system input, (ii) themore » CAPEX of the system, and (iii) the exergetic efficiency of the system. We use our framework to identify which processes are already achieved with relatively high cost effectiveness (production of fuels, hydrogen, and ammonia) and which have room for improvement (dehumidification, food production).« less

  4. Compact Absorber Technology Leads to Significant Reduction in the Cost of Point Source CO2 Capture

    Frimpong, Reynolds A. ; Nikolic, Heather ; Liu, Kunlei ; ... - International journal of energy for a clean environment
    The size of columns in traditional absorption-based processes for CO2 capture contributes significantly to the overall capital cost. A demonstrated method to reduce the cost of point source CO2 capture, focusing on reducing the absorber height by increasing the liquid-to-gas reaction contact area and decreasing the CO2 diffusion resistance without increasing gas-side pressure drop is presented along with techno-economic analysis results. Bench-scale tests on the unique Compact Absorber showed overall CO2 mass transfer enhancement of varying degrees compared to a traditional packed column for similar process conditions, demonstrating that a 60+% reduction in size of a typical post-combustion absorber withmore » a packing height of 70-100 ft and total height of 150-180 ft can be achieved. The techno-economic analysis showed significant cost reductions when the Compact Absorber is combined with other transformative aspects of the University of Kentucky Institute for Decarbonization and Energy Advancement point source CO2 capture process compared to the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory pertinent reference case for pulverized coal plants with CO2 capture. Here, a levelized cost of electricity excluding CO2 transportation and storage of $$\$$95.6$/MWh was estimated, which is a 9% reduction, with a total capital cost contribution of $45/MWh, which is a 12% reduction. Additionally, a breakeven CO2 sales price also referred to as the cost of CO2 capture, of $36.70/tonne was estimated when the UK hindered primary amine solvent is used, which is a 20% reduction compared to the reference case.« less

  5. Decomposing sources of value for electricity and negative emissions technologies in net-zero power systems

    Steinberg, Daniel C. ; Cherney, Daniel P. ; Mignone, Bryan K. ; ... - iScience
    Deep decarbonization of the US power system would require rapid deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) resources, which are projected to provide a substantial share of electricity generation at the time of net-zero emissions. However, the exact share of generation met by VRE and the roles of other technologies in supplying key electricity services—energy and firm capacity—remain uncertain. This study employs a detailed model of the US power sector to decompose the provision and value of electricity services, including negative emissions, by technology across a range of deep decarbonization scenarios. Results indicate that while technology deployment and the share ofmore » services provided by each technology vary significantly depending on future technological and market conditions, the value composition and future roles of individual technologies remain consistent. These findings offer guidance for research and development priorities and provide insights to inform electricity policy and planning.« less

  6. Ion-Exchange Membrane-Centric Durability Testing and Degradation Characterization for Industry-Relevant CO2 Reduction

    Sewell, Christopher D. ; Henckel, Danielle A. ; Resch, Michael G. - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research
    Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising conversion process for producing value-added fuels and chemicals from electricity and CO2 as a sustainable carbon feedstock to domestically produce fuels and chemicals from industrial waste. Having reached industrially viable performance metrics with small-scale CO2 electrolysis cells, the field must now increasingly focus on extending the device durability of large stacks to achieve equivalent metrics for 35,000+ hours to decrease maintenance and capital costs. Reported device lifetimes have increased in recent years, with the longest stability studies for CO, ethylene, and formic acid production being published in 2024–2025 with operation times of 4500, 1000,more » and 5200 h, respectively. Unfortunately, significant extension of the device durability is still required. Here, we provide an overview of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) and provide insight into the variety of degradation mechanisms that must be overcome to enable the community to meet durability targets. In an effort to accelerate the extension of device lifetimes, we propose a general approach for characterizing CO2 electrolysis cell degradation before and after durability testing to better elucidate the mechanisms and failure modes of IEMs in zero-gap cells. Furthermore, we encourage the adoption of operando characterizations in tandem with accelerated stress and durability tests, postulating that their combined applications will be increasingly valuable. We hope that this perspective motivates future durability studies to evaluate degradation across the entire electrolysis cell.« less

  7. Global Progress Toward Renewable Electricity: Tracking the Role of Solar (Version 5)

    Haegel, Nancy M. ; Kurtz, Sarah R. - IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
    Photovoltaics (PV) represented ~70% of newly installed global electricity generating capacity for 2024, continuing a trend of increasing fractional contribution over each of the past 5 years. Year-to-year growth in both PV installations and PV-generated electricity continued at remarkable levels (~32% and ~28%, respectively), while grid scale battery storage again demonstrated triple digit fractional growth (113%). The contribution to electricity generation from combined low-carbon sources (hydro, nuclear, wind, and solar) exceeded a new threshold of 40%. Following its initial publication in 2021, this annual article collects information from multiple sources and presents it systematically as a reference for IEEE Journalmore » of Photovoltaics readers.« less

  8. Comparing Classical and Machine Learning Force Fields for Modeling Deformation of Metal–Organic Frameworks Relevant for Direct Air Capture

    Brabson, Logan M. ; Medford, Andrew J. ; Sholl, David S. - Journal of Physical Chemistry. C
    Deformation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) induced by adsorbate molecules can affect adsorption properties such as capacity and selectivity, but most computational studies of MOFs assume framework rigidity to simplify calculations. Although flexible force fields (FFs) for MOFs have been parametrized for specific materials, the generality of FFs for reliably modeling adsorbate-induced deformation to accuracy nearing that of density functional theory (DFT) has not been established. This work confirms using DFT calculations that adsorbate-induced deformation can affect CO2 and H2O adsorption energies in a considerable fraction of MOFs promising for direct air capture (DAC). We then benchmark the efficacy of severalmore » general-purpose FFs in describing adsorbate-induced deformation for DAC against DFT. Our results show that current classical FFs are insufficient for describing MOF deformation, especially in cases of interest for DAC where strong interactions exist between adsorbed molecules and MOF frameworks. Some emerging machine learning force fields (MLFFs) we tested, particularly CHGNet, MACE-MP-0, and Equiformer V2, appear to be more promising than the classical FF for emulating the deformation behavior described by DFT. The best performing FF (CHGNet), however, fails to achieve the accuracy required for practical predictions with a mean absolute adsorption energy error of 0.124 eV.« less

  9. Multistep catalytic abiotic CO2 conversion to sugars through C1 intermediates

    Soland, Nathan ; Luo, Jie ; Maulana, Arifin Luthfi ; ... - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Carbon dioxide (CO2) to multicarbon (Cn) upgrading for commodity chemicals, fuel production, or artificial food synthesis using renewable energy input is a golden target for researchers in sustainable carbon emission reduction. Here, we explore and analyze a flexible modular roadmap for the task, utilizing sequential electro-, photo-, and organocatalysis to develop a strategy for CO2 conversion using the key and elusive formaldehyde precursor of interest for sugar generation. We study the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction to methanol in a flow cell and its discontinuous photooxidation to formaldehyde (PMOR) with excellent selectivity. Utilizing a highly active N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst enablesmore » tunable generation of C4-C6 aldoses without undesirable byproducts, with carbon conversion yield reaching 60 to 80% for desired pentose, tetrose, and triose product mixtures and over 20% for hexose. This approach presents a roadmap for CO2 valorization, aiming to bridge carbon waste streams with sustainable sugar synthesis and opening broad avenues for green chemical production.« less

  10. A molecular sieve boosts perovskite stability

    Grancini, Giulia ; Sutter-Fella, Carolin M - Nature Synthesis
    Highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells are fabricated by introducing a molecular sieve which finely controls the 2D/3D heterointerface reactions.
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